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Saturday, 1 March 2014

Losing Verses!

The drone from the vehicles plying the highway was a persistent source of irritation. Ravi scratched his forehead. The pad before him lay blank. His pencil, a red one with the chewed end, had fallen on the bench. The pencil had tasted funny, Ravi wondered. Maybe, he should consider a change in location and move to another bench. After all, even the Sun had receded well below the treeline and the glowing fiery ghost of the evening adorned a rare few spots in the park. Throwing the pad and pencil in his satchel, he picked up the near-empty water bottle and wandered to the nearest warm spot.

This will do! He sighed and then settled on the grass below. His watch indicated that it was five and this meant that he had three hours to deadline. His ineptitude was now slowly pulling in a cloud of despair. Soon, he knew, panic would begin. Cold bolts of dread would shoot through his neurons and the drums of chaos thunder in his temples. He would brave the panic, he thought. Brave it and then succeed. The pad on his lap suggested otherwise.

The page is still blank. In a rare event, you might begin, but you shall never finish. It seemed to say in a cruel cold-hearted tone.

Looking around for inspiration, he chewed on the pencil. The taste was actually appalling. He spat on the grass beside and dragged his hand to the pad. It wouldn’t move.

Start writing! and DO NOT CHEW on ME! The pencil warned.

A few children were playing tag in the clearing beside him. They ran around bubbling with laughter. A tall one was ‘it’. He was slow and had been trying to tag someone for quite some time. The others laughed at him, sneering at his failed attempts to catch them.

So be it, I am going to write a poem on youth and happiness thought Ravi with a thankful sigh. I should title it ‘The Joy of Youth’. Excellent! He murmured.

Excitedly, he penned the title ending the ‘h’ in a flourish and then got down to business.

Youth, he thought, the time of our life when we are most active, Yes! Active and joyful too. The pains and sorrows of reality lie far away in the distant future. His brain was abuzz with millions of thoughts running across and he could almost picture each word as it went past. We have no wars to fight, only games to play; no bills to lose head over, no worldly truths to face, just peace and fun! Living without caring was what it is all about! Fantastic! 

This was going to be perfect. He believed that the end was in sight. The subject had been decided, the content was in there (prodding his forehead) the little formality of putting pencil to paper remained.  A smile grew on his face. He watched the kids play with glowing satisfaction.

The editor, his editor Mr. Subramaniam would finally be happy. He might even get a pay raise. Maybe, even get promoted to do some real writing and not just fill ups. Talented - the word that mother had used to describe him, and he was as capable as the next poet/writer.  This would be his lucky break.

Spring , bubbly and chirrupy
The youth of one’s life…..

The beginning was good. He had to continue. What should the next line be? Should he continue and glorify youth or run comparisons with adulthood? He stopped and drew a deep breath chewing on the pencil again.

Didn't I tell you NOT to chew on me? The pencil cried. Dunderhead! Put pressure on your brain, eating me won’t give a solution to your writing problems.

A time of wonder, in moments
Magical, dreams come to life….

Life? Hadn't the word already appeared in the second line? What rhymes with life? Wife, knife, strife,…. . I cannot think of any more! He erased the last line of the poem.  Pondering over the issue, he decided that he couldn't frame the poem in this style; a change in the rhyme was needed.

The barely used page was torn and thrown into the fancy penguin-shaped dustbin with USE ME in bold styled onto its belly.  A fresh start! He thought and focussed his attention to the fresh page below.
Something new was needed.

As the bubbling brook flows yonder
The spring, in full cheer adorned
Gaiety and sunshine …..

Gaiety and sunshine…. What?!  There he was stuck again!

Arrgh! With despair on the horizon, even the frustration was slowly slinking away. He needed to wriggle out of this labyrinth of failure soon or he would have to quit. This wasn't an option and not because he wasn't a quitter. The payments on the rooms he rented were long overdue and not a night went when he would expect his land lord to throw him out on the streets to take shelter among the homeless. He couldn't give up for he could do nothing else. He couldn't even wait tables; an unsuccessful experiment in the form of a part time job at the local restaurant had proved. Even though the income of a writer was meagre, it was all he could do to keep two ends together.

Maybe, you have writer’s block? The satchel bumped him out of his reverie.   Why don’t you attempt something simpler – write a poem on nature perhaps? Or, since the winds have already signalled a change in seasons, the coming of autumn would be an easier tackle.

The orange sky had given way to the evening blue as it darkened with each passing moment.  The dial on the watch now read quarter to seven. He wiped the beads of sweat that had formed on his brow and tried to concentrate on the pad below.

I’ll wager you a hundred bucks that he shall not be able to finish the pad said scornfully to the pencil.
Chuckling, the pencil replied. Only a fool would take you up on that!

SHUT UP! Ravi started loudly. The children stopped their game and stared at him. He waved them to continue. But, the little faces were too apprehensive and they moved away quietly probably thinking him to be unfit on the higher levels.

He cursed in a low tone and decided that like the children even he needed a variation in scenery. Resting on one arm he pushed himself off the ground and collected his belongings. He trudged to the end opposite. There was a small clearing near the big lights. He would need some light now, the darkness had spread across the sky and the moon peered through the branches of the old banyan nearby.

The temple bells signalled the end of the evening aarti. He jumped to the ground and pulled the pad out of the satchel.
Easy boy! Or you’ll ruin my perfectly smooth surface! The pad reacted angrily. He is going to do it anyway came a snide comment from the pencil as it too was tightly gripped by the nervous hand of the now beyond-panic-and-despair poet.

A small man lay on the bench across the jogging track. Tattered clothes hung from his dilapidated frame even as he lay on his side. His skinny body a cloth hanger merely. He fixed his eyes on our protagonist as soon as he entered his field of view and his gaze stayed transfixed on him since.

Ravi stared back for a few moments before returning to his pad. Maybe he was focussing at the wrong end of the social spectrum. Happiness wasn't everything or everywhere. There was fear, pain, despair and much more negativity in the society than was required to upset the balance. Now, look at the poor man lying on the bench. He looks so troubled and helpless. He doesn't have a home. See his clothes, poor soul. Life hadn’t been easy on him. There was suffering with each step that he took. Why had he been chosen to be born into such a life of misery? Why had society pushed him to these depths of despair and shame? Was life always so unfair?

Stop thinking, start working! The lamp-post egged him on.

Cruel Life! This would be the title of his poem.

To enter the world on a leaf of gold
The choice of a petty few
Millions live, no – survive
Each day counting their due.

The first four lines had been pretty easy to get by. They had set the tone for the things to follow. He could follow a hundred paths as he wrote this poem. A hundred paths! Nice expression! He thought and pushed it to the back of his mind as a reserve.

The lines above reminded him of the Live Aid concert he had read about in the news back when he was a kid. Father had explained what a deeply significant event it had been. Having raised more than a billion dollars for kids in Africa, it showed the greatness of human nature. That was an event which show cased that man could indeed look out for another man, be it family or a stranger.

There goes another poem! the pencil seemed to shake its head (it might have moved a fraction of a nanometre, but since our visual perceptive abilities are limited, so I’ll just leave this to your imagination).

No! thought Ravi and started the next verse of the poem. But, it was already too late. His train of thoughts had driven him so far away from the last topic that he found it difficult to come up with the next word!

DAMN! ^%#&@ me!

He picked up a pebble and threw it far off in anger cursing at the same time.
Seeing the subject of his interest behave in such a manner, the man on the bench approached him with caution and curiosity.

“What is the matter, brother?” he asked in a soft tone.
“Nothing!” Ravi replied in a voice as would have been possessed by Tom each time Jerry got the better of him, if by a miracle, Tom could speak.

“You seem troubled. Do you need help, brother?” said the thin fellow, his voice soft and sweet as before.
“No! Please go away” came the reply.
“Let me help brother” he persisted in a calm voice. “To share one’s pain and hardships is a balm for the soul”
Another topic for failed poetry! Said the satchel as the pad and the pencil burst out laughing.
SHUT – UP! Ravi cried, hurriedly adding “Not you, brother.” turning to address the stranger.
“I am sorry for my rude behaviour.” He apologized. “Please let me be.”
The stranger sat down beside him with folded legs and introduced himself. “I am Shashi” he said extending his hand. Ravi shook his hand. “I am Ravi” he said.

“It looks to me that you could do with some sharing, brother. Do feel free to speak your heart.” Shashi said kindly.
Ravi looked at this sympathetic stranger. He seemed nice. Feeling a need to share, Ravi began narrating his sorry tale. “I am a writer by profession. I have a piece of poetry due in forty five minutes and my job….” He felt a hand grab his collar from behind; an alarm began to build up in his temple. Suddenly a silvery metal flashed before him and before he knew it, Shashi was holding a knife to his neck.

“Quick brother, hand me your valuables and I’ll go away quietly.” Shashi whispered into his ear.
Oops! Talk about hard luck, this is as bad as it can get said the pencil in a pitiful tone.
“But..” Ravi could only stammer “How…who are you?”
“It doesn’t matter, brother. I am but another child of God like yourself. Give me all your valuables and I’ll let you go” Shashi remained calm.
“HELP! HELP! “ Ravi began shouting abruptly.
Bringing his fist to meet Ravi’s jaw, Shashi slammed him backwards and quickly emptying the man’s pockets took to his heels.
No help arrived. Ravi lay on the ground, his jaw bleeding. He spat blood. A tooth was missing and so was the phone and his wallet.

Not making any efforts to raise himself, Ravi lay on the grass not knowing what emotion to display. His piece was now almost overdue. He lifted his hand to look at the wristwatch. Thankfully, the scoundrel had left his precious watch behind. It was seven-bloody-thirty. He was sniggering. He began laughing. The thief wouldn’t get much out of his wallet- just bills and a few pieces of paper plus ten rupees, his fare home. He had involuntarily tricked the rogue. He continued chuckling for a long time.

The man is nuts the pencil seemed to say. Definitely crazy the pen and satchel agreed.

Ha! Curse the man who yields the knife, this here man is experiencing trauma! The lamp-post cut in.
Trauma! Bleh! The pencil retorted. He is totally off his knocker, I say. Why would a man who has just been robbed laugh? He is insane. Just look at his antics of the evening past. He needs medical attention, I say.
Aye! The pen added in support.

Finally, Ravi picked himself up. The bleeding had stopped. On close inspection, even the broken tooth was found idling on the grass beside. He picked up his belongings and packed everything up in the satchel. He looked at his watch again – five minutes to eight. He smiled. The day was over. His job at the magazine house too was done for.

All of a sudden, a strange thought gripped his mind. He looked for the nearest pot-bellied penguin. There it was nestled between the shrubs. He took the satchel off his shoulder and curled it into a roll. At the bin, he looked left and right and then quickly threw the satchel through the mouth of the penguin smothering the cries of the three helpless, lifeless beings. He smiled.

His days as a poet were over. Time to look for something new in life, he thought as he walked to the park exit. But first he must lodge a complaint at the nearest police station. He couldn’t go to the dentist, he had no money. The tooth would have to wait.

Life had always been cruel to him. Be it his struggle through school and college or his efforts through professional life, all had led to dead ends. He had graduated an engineer, yet, he had failed to secure a job as one. A non-existent personal life and an equally awkward social life had been the description of twenty five years of his life. He had still managed. He would continue to do so in the future. Change was near, he could feel it, but today wasn’t the day he thought as he massaged his jaw. He shook his head and continued.

As he walked along the pavement in search of a policeman a few lines began to take shape in his mind,

Cruel is the soul that picks life
Yearning no peace or serenity
It descends to mortal place and tries
To labour for eternal happiness; as humanity
Drags it to pieces, binds it to chains
Runs it through sins, harm and pains

It lives, no – it survives; ordeals of another
Ignorant, that hell was carved here on earth
It continues to strive rescued by the forsaken brother
In time, the end comes to birth
It is broken and it is bent
Into a blistering forge, sent

Yet, a beautiful charm pulls it to pick again
It returns to cycle through
Experiences the joy, the love, sparkling rain
Cries of laughter, the drops of fresh dew
The magic amidst the tribulations and strife
The most enchanted gift called life.

“Eh?” He paused then shook his head deleting the verses forever and walked on into the night.


                                                                                                                            -  Anurag Arya









Thursday, 30 January 2014

Suspicions of an Aberrant Soul



Murder? Wrong. Charity? Right. Censorship? Ambivalence. Euthanasia? Confusion. Public display of affection? Can’t say. Copyright of educational textbooks? Mixed comments. This list goes on with the majority of these issues evoking a wide range of opinions and debates.

Right and Wrong, Good and Bad, Light and Dark - we have known these words since childhood. We have learned about the triumph of Good over Bad. We blindly accept that Good happens to those people who do Good. We have been taught to always do the Right thing. If we do the Wrong thing, then we expect punishment. But is practising homosexuality wrong? Is it right? Nobody knows for sure. Then, should the practitioner be punished? Depends. Depends on the scene of the supposed crime. Is it India? If yes, then they will be punished by law. Is it the United States of America? If so, then they will not be held culpable of crime.

This leads us to the question - “What is the concept of Right and Wrong?” These terms, clearly, do not have an absolute interpretation. The perception of these words, in practice, is related to time, geography and other human considerations. So, is it so superficial that it changes identity with a shift in time zones, or is it so deep that it is beyond understanding?

For instance, euthanasia has always been a topic of discussion. This has been debated both on the basis of both morality and legality. Morally, the people who support it do not find themselves heavily outnumbered. The lack of homogeneity in the legal interpretations makes one wonder about the universality of justice. India allows only passive euthanasia, whereas in the Netherlands active euthanasia is also acceptable. United States of America has made it illegal with the exception of Physician Assisted Suicide. Is it right of the law to expect a person to relocate to come under the ambit of Right?

Such interpretations have not been able to hold their own in the face of time. Sati was an accepted ritual in most parts of India nearly a century ago. But now neither does it have legal sanction nor societal acceptance. Individual perceptions often contribute to blurring the line between Right and Wrong. Copyright on educational textbooks makes for a fine example. It is rather myopic to expect everyone to view these issues in black and white; the inherent grey is preferred by some.

The modern era places an impetus of viewing things through the lens of legality. Legal and illegal have replaced Right and Wrong. The most probable reason for this seems that it is easier to outsource our decision making processes as opposed to being tangled in the war within. Thus, when viewed along the lines of Right and Wrong, it is the society which has begun to call the shots rather than the voice of the inner self. Is this shift good? Your views…


-Ayush Poddar

Monday, 15 April 2013

The Noughties' XI

It’s nearly been a decade since I started following football. For someone with considerable football viewing experience, I still find myself fumbling for cheeky one-liners when posed with questions ranging from the history of that " wee club in the north-east" to who scored the winning goal in Arminia Bielefeld's first win of the 2007-08 season to what Henrik Larsson believes is in store for him after retirement (I know the answer to that last one, by the way). I do find these pieces of information quite fascinating in their own right, but fail to understand the reason behind allowing oneself to be stranded under the debris of statistics. I find myself more interested in those deft touches, those subtle flicks, those passes which have accuracy written all over them, those periods of play where all else loses meaning, consuming you with its overwhelming nature, considering the perspective wherein football is billed as being just a game. That and the emotional tumult (i.e. all the howling and scowling and fervent abusing) that is associated with being a Manchester United fan.                                                                                                                         
 This column is intended to render itself as a platform to showcase the travails of an ordinary guy with Jogo Bonito- the Beautiful Game. The analysis here should not be expected to be of a clinical nature. It would be rather normal to expect that these articles would be overflowing with views of a lopsided nature. And to further add weight to this contention this first piece is based on the most rudimentary of football related articles- a fantasy team.  This team includes only those players whose footballing prowess I have witnessed (on TV of course).  Attempts have been made to refrain from picking players solely from teams whose footballing styles I admire. This is evident from the fact that 2 French players and quite a number of players who have represented Real Madrid at some point in their careers, whereas I harness feelings of indifference towards the French national team and truly despise the Real Madrid school of thought. Here is the list of players I would have loved to see play as a team:
  
·      Gianluigi Buffon: The recent Roma vs. Juventus match, which ended in what has to be said was an embarrassing defeat for the defending champions, was a vindication of the fact that Buffon is still the best goalkeeper around. On a rare day when his teammates were totally at sea, Gigi Buffon held the fort like a true leader. His technical finesse, his commitment to his team’s cause and his obsession with winning make him one of the finest players of his generation.


·     Paolo Maldini: Truth be told, I haven’t seen Maldini at work as much as I would have liked to. And admittedly I was unaware of the fact that he spent most of the better days in his career at left-back. But whatever glimpses I have had of his genius were at centre-back partnering the next player in this list. It wouldn’t be much of an exaggeration to say that Milan’s pages in history would lack much of its sheen if it were deprived of the services of this legend.


·    Alessandro Nesta: I had lost interest in Italy’s 2006 World Cup Campaign on learning of Nesta’s injury. Although posterity would label this as a foolish decision, Nesta’s value to any side he appeared in was beyond quantification. Arguably the greatest centre-back of the previous decade, his partnership with Maldini made for delectable football viewing.


·     Philipp Lahm: I am not a huge fan of the workhorse-like efficiency that German football is famous for. But Lahm, the true embodiment of this footballing philosophy, is just too remarkable a player to be excluded from this list. The German’s impressive work rate is only matched by his astute ability to foster attack while ensuring his defensive duties are not neglected.


·    Roberto Carlos: The man, who is renowned for his mind-blowing free kicks, was adept at forging key partnerships in offense. His incredible track record speaks for itself and he is one of the greatest Latin American left-backs of all time.


·  Claude Makélélé: Zinedine Zidane remarked on learning of Makélélé’s sale and the subsequent buying of David Beckham by Real Madrid: “Why put another layer of gold paint on the Bentley when you are losing the entire engine?” Such was the influence of this player, that pundits have dubbed the defensive midfield   position as the ‘Makélélé Role’. Without Makélélé, all this hype generated over the greatness of players like Lampard and Terry by the Chelsea faithful would have found no basis whatsoever. A player who truly deserved greater recognition.


·       Paul Scholes: Ok I’ve got to put this out there – Scholes is without even the slightest iota of doubt the greatest United player, if not the greatest Premier League player of the Sir Alex Ferguson era. Scholes is a midfielder of the most unique genesis – his footballing capabilities make his role difficult to classify, his calming influence on his teammates speaks volumes of his genius, his ability to hold the ball for long periods of play is unequalled and the quality of his passes is the stuff of legend.


·   Ryan Giggs: Wikipedia describes Giggs as the most decorated player in English football history. For anyone who has even a speck of doubt about his talent and influence, the goal he scored against Arsenal in the FA Cup final of the historic treble winning season for United should silence all such opinions. He has played in all positions in midfield and the depth and vision he possesses is of an exemplary nature.


·      Zinedine Zidane: The complete player. No one, in my opinion has ever controlled a football better than this man. His ability to read the game and skillfully turn matches on their head with his unique vision ensured a treat for connoisseurs of the game and a nightmare for defenders. Zidane could create, score, pass the ball around beautifully, hold the ball if needed and conjure sheer magic through set-pieces. The greatest player I’ve had the fortune of witnessing.


·      Luís Figo: Figo was an incredibly gifted player whose abilities as a winger and a playmaker saw him rub shoulders with the best of his contemporaries. When in full flow, he overshadowed them all tearing apart the best of defenses single-handedly. I consider him a player of greater quality than his compatriot Cristiano Ronaldo, since he encountered defences of a more competent and complete nature in his time.


·       Raúl González: I haven’t seen anyone who was/is as well-rounded a striker as Raúl was in his prime. This guy could literally do anything – his killer instincts, his aerial prowess, his ability to shoot from tight angles and his clinical finishing posed some serious problems for defenders. Whenever critics started doubting Raúl the player, Raúl the champion emerged stronger, each time sending out fitting replies to these cynics.


I have decided to refrain from naming a manager for this team as the task of choosing a manager for this set of players is way more difficult than choosing the final XI, and therefore beyond me. And as for substitutes, in fantasy need there be any such thing as injury or fatigue?

-Shankar R






Thursday, 11 April 2013

Trying To Be Mr.BrightSide?


(Slice of Life)

The idea to live every moment does seem charming at the first thought, doesn't it? But, seriously I mean how is it even possible to be guggly-bubbly at every moment? I know most of you have actually felt the need or rather I should say the urge to do something like that. I would say that these kind of thoughts come in mind when you undergo introspection and take a look back at the 'crime scene' that brought you distress earlier. The first train of thought will surely be led by "Ok..alright I've just gotta be calm...and live every moment and not allow depression to take its toll over me! " But trust me, you will not get far with that optimistic burst of energy. Even a little bit of seriousness, fear and sadness in the mind is enough to dunk your so-called resolve when another tribulation comes your way.
Let us investigate the whole scene. First, the situation that arrived and made you restless. In this, you might as well include mom's shouting over your mistakes, a monster called exam burning a hole through your back, getting a precious thing stolen and the list goes on and on; there is no shortage of reasons in this era.
Well, I think we should lift the spirits up a bit and give you a little reason to charm about by telling you one thing,  that there are people in worse conditions than yourself. Believe me, I've seen people who are always in rusted bones for their jaws never smile. Some people are just too afraid to loose to this world, the fear of failing has literally swallowed them. But then again, one would say living in the moment is the best solution to the problem, and I don't blame them.
It seems too hypothetical a situation, rather I'd say we create a moment to live. One's mind needs to relax in a tough situation and the best and obvious way to reverse the gravity is to entertain yourself. Well, I don't think that I really need to tell you about such resources but lets say for now you know nothing. So, here is the list- video games, blogging, movies, music and 'the ultimate pleasure', if you know what I mean. Don't yell at me, I am just quoting the experts.
The other solution to the problem will be to include enjoyment while doing your stuff. The feeling of seeing yourself achieving success even when you are just on-board, does soothe the eyes but to really live your dream, you have to enjoy all along the way.
So remember and guess who said these lines in which movie-"There is a difference between knowing the path and walking the path."

Your Friend
The Mango Man

Tuesday, 2 April 2013

Gesture Recognition

(Byte The Chip)

Understanding human motions can be posed as a pattern recognition problem. Humans express time varying motion patterns (gestures), such as a wave, in order to convey a message to a recipient. If a computer can detect and distinguish these human motion patterns, the desired message can be reconstructed, and the computer can respond appropriately. Constellation method and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) are some of the different methods of gesture recognition. Both methods have their special features and used according to appropriate situations.


What is Gesture Recognition?

Interfacing with computer using gestures of human body, typically hand movements is known as gesture recognition by computers. For example, a person clapping his hands together in front of a camera can produce the sound of cymbals being crashed together when the gesture is fed through a computer.


Basic Hand Gestures of American Sign Language

One way gesture recognition is being used is to help the physically impaired to interact with computers, such as interpreting sign language. The technology also has the potential to change the way users interact with computers by eliminating input devices such as joysticks, mice and keyboards and allowing the unencumbered body to give signals to the computer through gestures such as finger pointing. Gesture recognition technology also can be used to read facial and speech expressions (i.e., lip reading), and eye movements.


A basic Block Diagram for Gesture Recognition Systems

Gesture Recognition Techniques:
1)  The Constellation Model:
The constellation model was developed by Markus Weber for distinguishing between types of objects, e.g. faces vs. cars in 2-D images. When trained on multiple images of a certain object, for example on human faces. Weber’s algorithm learned a constellation model for the object type a model based on the arrangement of important features, such as the eyes and nose for human faces, and how they co-vary spatially. For any test image, the algorithm would extract the features from the image and compute a probabilistic score using all its learnt models. The highest scoring model was declared a match.


Gesture Recognition using the constellation method:
The basic approach is same as that of Weber. Effectively, each gesture sample datum is processed and its features are extracted. The features can then be used to learn a new model (in conjunction with many more samples of the same kind) or can be classified as one of the models the system has learnt. The main features of this technique are as follows.
a.Unlike Weber, our task is to recognize different movements of the same object, the hand. We consider the motion of the silhouette of the hand ignoring fine details like knuckles etc.
b.The motion of the hand can be in any of the 3 dimensions. Our approach is far more expanded than that of Weber.
c.Since we don’t know which part of the hand will generate the gesture, we develop clusters for various detections with each cluster referring to a particular distinct feature. These features are used to compare the learnt gestures of training period and test input by assigning a probabilistic score. The gesture with closest score is the one recognized.

      2)     The Hidden Markov Model
Hidden Markov Models (HMM) are one of the most common forms of probabilistic graphical models. They are used to model time-invariant models that have both an underlying mechanism (hidden states) and an observable consequence. They have been extremely successful in language modelling and speech recognition systems and are still the most widely used technique in these domains. HMM is basically a probabilistic method. Such types of methods are required in signal processing. There have been other fields of interest that HMM are utilized for computational biology, bio-medical signal interpretation and also for image classification, segmentation and de-noising.

What is HMM?
An HMM is a Markov chain (a mathematical system that undergoes transitions from one state to another, between a finite or countable number of possible states. It is a random process usually characterized as memory-less: the next state depends only on the current state and not on the sequence of events that preceded it) where each state generates an observation.
HMM is a finite-state machine that changes state once every discrete time. At discrete instants of time, the process is assumed to be in some state and an observation is generated by the random function corresponding to current state. The underlying Markov chain then changes states according to its transition probability matrix (a matrix used to describe the transitions of a Markov chain. Each of its entries is a non-negative real number representing a probability). Only the observation of the random function is known, but the underlying Markov chain is hidden, hence, it is called hidden Markov model. Although, HMM is statistically strong and computationally efficient, it requires large amount of training data and many calculations.

Future:

In the real world, applications abound. Gesture recognition systems can be used for much more intuitive, rapid interaction with machines. Some versions, especially electronic glove-based ones, are already being used in virtual environments, such as 3-D modeling of molecules. Gesture recognizer(s) can provide a great interface for the vocally challenged by responding efficiently to sign language. Furthermore, we might even be able to create a system that responds to voice and gesture cues, making it even more effective at interacting with humans. 

- The Processor